SAP Interview Questions for freshers

Interview Questions and Answers
All type of Latest Sample and advanced Interview questions and answers ( FAQs )
SAP ABAP INTERVIEW QUESTIONSABAP / 4 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

1) What is SAP R/3?
Ans SAP R/3 refers to Systems Application and Product for data processing Real-time having a 3 tier architecture i.e. Presentation layer, Application layer and Database layer.

• What are the contents in technical specifications?
Ans There are five contents in Technical Settings: Data Class, Size Category, Buffering Permission, Buffering Type and Logging.

• What is an instance?
Ans When you call a function module, an instance of its function group plus its data, is loaded into the memory area of the internal session. An ABAP program can load several instances by calling function modules from different function groups.

• What is Function group? Difference between function group and function module?
Ans Function Groups act as containers for Function Modules that logically belong together.

Function Groups
1) These cannot be defined in a Function Module.
2) It cannot be called.
3) They are containers for Function Module.

Function Modules
1) These must be defined in a Function Group.
2) It can be called from any program.
3) They are not containers for Function Group.

• What is the difference between ‘Select single * ‘ and ‘Select upto 1 rows’?
Ans ‘Select single *’ – The result of the selection should be a single entry. If it is not possible to identify a unique entry, the system uses the first line of the selection. For e.g.
DATA : ITAB TYPE ZREKHA_EMP.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO ITAB
WHERE EMPNO = ‘00101’ AND DEPTNO = ‘0010’.
WRITE : / ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME,ITAB-DEPTNO.

Select upto 1 rows -

• What Function does data dictionary perform?
Ans Central information repository for application and system data. The ABAP Dictionary contains data definitions (metadata) that allow you to describe all of the data structures in the system (like tables, views, and data types) in one place. This eliminates redundancy.

• Difference between domain and data element? What are aggregate object?
Ans Domain - Specifies the technical attributes of a data element - its data type, length, possible values, and appearance on the screen. Each data element has an underlying domain. A single domain can be the basis for several data elements. Domains are objects in the ABAP Dictionary.
Data Element - Describes the business function of a table field. Its technical attributes are based on a domain, and its business function is described by its field labels and documentation.
Aggregate Object – Views, Match Code and Lock objects are called aggregate objects because they are formed from several related table.

• What is view? Different types of view. Explain?
Ans View - A view is a virtual table containing fields from one or more tables. A virtual table that does not contain any data, but instead provides an application-oriented view of one or more ABAP Dictionary tables.

Different Types of View:
1) Maintenance
2) Database – It is on more than two tables.
3) Projection – It is only on one table.
4) Help

• Can u print decimals in type N? What is difference between float and packed data type?
Ans No, we cannot print decimals in type N because decimal places are not permitted with N data type.
Float Data Type: It cannot be declared in Parameters.
Packed Number: It can be declared in Parameters. For e.g.
PARAMETERS : A(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
B(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2.
DATA : C(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2.
C = A + B.
WRITE : / ‘THE SUM IS’ , C.

• What is step-loop? Explain all the steps?
Ans A step loop is a repeated series of field-blocks in a screen. Each block can contain one or more fields, and can extend over more than one line on the screen.
• Step loops as structures in a screen do not have individual names. The screen can contain more than one step-loop, but if so, you must program the LOOP…ENDLOOPs in the flow logic accordingly. The ordering of the LOOP…ENDLOOPs must exactly parallel the order of the step loops in the screen. The ordering tells the system which loop processing to apply to which loop. Step loops in a screen are ordered primarily by screen row, and secondarily by screen column.
• Transaction TZ61 (development class SDWA) implements a step loop version of the table you saw in transaction TZ60.

Static and Dynamic Step Loops
Step loops fall into two classes: static and dynamic. Static step loops have a fixed size that cannot be changed at runtime. Dynamic step loops are variable in size. If the user re-sizes the window, the system automatically increases or decreases the number of step loop blocks displayed. In any given screen, you can define any number of static step loops, but only a single dynamic one.

You specify the class for a step loop in the Screen Painter. Each loop in a screen has the attributes Looptype (fixed=static, variable=dynamic) and Loop count. If a loop is fixed, the Loop count tells the number of loop-blocks displayed for the loop. This number can never change.
Programming with static and dynamic step loops is essentially the same. You can use both the LOOP and LOOP AT statements for both types.

Looping in a Step Loop
When you use LOOP AT with a step loop, the system automatically displays the step loop with vertical scroll bars. The scroll bars, and the updated (scrolled) table display, are managed by the system.
Use the following additional parameters if desired:
•FROM and TO
•CURSOR

• What are the various types of selection screen event?
Ans SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK ABC WITH FRAME TITLE T01.
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 500 AS WINDOW.
CALL SELECTION-SCREEN 500 STARTING AT 10 10.


• What are the system fields? Explain?
Ans The ABAP system fields are active in all ABAP programs. They are filled by the runtime environment, and you can query their values in a program to find out particular states of the system. Although they are variables, you should not assign your own values to them, since this may overwrite information that is important for the normal running of the program. However, there are some isolated cases in which you may need to overwrite a system variable. For example, by assigning a new value to the field SY-LSIND, you can control navigation within details lists.

• What is SAP Script? What is the purpose of SAP Script? Difference between
SAP Script and Report?
• SAP Script – It is the integrated text management system of the SAP R/3 System. Two types – PC Editor & Line Editor.
• Reports - It is the way to display data fetched from database table onto screen or directly output it to a printer. Two types – Classical and Interactive.

• What is the use of occurs in internal table? Can u change occurs value in program?
Ans Use of Occurs - If you use the OCCURS parameter, the value of the INITIAL SIZE of the table is returned to the variable
Data : Begin of ITAB occurs 0,
End of ITAB.

Occurs or Initial Size – to specify the initial amount of memory that should be assigned to the table.
Yes, we can change the occurs value in program but output remains the same.

• Difference between SY-TABIX and SY-INDEX? Where it is used? Can u check SY-SUBRC after perform?
SY-TABIX - Current line of an internal table. SY-TABIX is set by the statements below, but only for index tables. The field is either not set or is set to 0 for hashed tables.
* APPEND sets SY-TABIX to the index of the last line of the table, that is, it contains the overall number of entries in the table.
* COLLECT sets SY-TABIX to the index of the existing or inserted line in the table. If the table has the type HASHED TABLE, SY-TABIX is set to 0.
* LOOP AT sets SY-TABIX to the index of the current line at the beginning of each loop lass. At the end of the loop, SY-TABIX is reset to the value that it had before entering the loop. It is set to 0 if the table has the type HASHED TABLE.
* READ TABLE sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line read. If you use a binary search, and the system does not find a line, SY-TABIX contains the total number of lines, or one more than the total number of lines. SY-INDEX is undefined if a linear search fails to return an entry.
SEARCH FOR sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line in which the search string is found.
SY_INDEX - In a DO or WHILE loop, SY-INDEX contains the number of loop passes including the current pass.

• What are the different functions used in sap script? What are the parameters used in each Function?
Ans There are three different functions used in SAP Script:
1) OPEN_FORM
2) WRITE_FORM
3) CLOSE_FORM

Parameters in Each Function:
1) OPEN_FORM–
Exporting
Form
Language

2) WRITE_FORM–
Exporting
Element
Window

3) CLOSE_FORM

What is sequence of event triggered in report?
There are 6 events in report:
1) Initialization
2) At Selection-Screen
3) Start-of-Selection
4) Get
5) Get Late
6) End-of-Selection
7) Top-of-Page
End-of-Page

9) At Line Selection
10) At User Command
11) At PF (nn)

• What are standard layouts sets in the SAP Script?
Ans There are four standard layouts in the SAP Script:

1) Header
2) Logo
3) Main Window
4) Footer

• Difference between UPLOAD and WS_UPLOAD?
Ans UPLOAD - File transfer with dialog from presentation server file to internal table. Data which is available in a file on the presentation server is transferred in an internal table. ASCII & Binary files can be transferred.
WS_UPLOAD - To read data from the presentation server into an internal table without a user dialog, use the function module WS_UPLOAD. The most important parameters are listed below.

Parameters Function
CODEPAGE Only for upload under DOS: Value IBM
FILENAME Filename
FILETYPE File type

• What is a Logical Database?
Ans Logical Databases are special ABAP programs that retrieve data and make it available to application programs.
Use of LDB – is used to read data from database tables by linking them to executable ABAP programs.

• What are the events used for Logical Database?
Ans Two Events –
1) GET - This is the most important event for executable programs that use a logical database. It occurs when the logical database has read a line from the node
and made it available to the program in the work area declared using the statement NODES . The depth to which the logical database is read is determined by the GET statements2) PUT - The PUT statement directs the program flow according to the structure of the logical database.

• What is the difference between Get and Get Late?
Ans GET - After the logical database has read an entry from the node
.GET LATE - After all of the nodes of the logical database have been processed that are below in the database hierarchy.

• What are the data types of Internal Tables?
Ans There are three types:
1) Line
2) Key
3) Table

• What are the events used in ABAP in the order of execution?
Ans Events are:
1. INITIALIZATION
2. AT SELECTION-SCREEN
3. AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON
4. START-OF-SELECTION
5. TOP-OF-PAGE
6. TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE SELECTION
7. END-OF-PAGE
8. END-OF-SELECTION
9. AT USER-COMMAND
10. AT LINE-SELECTION
11. AT PF
12. GET
13. GET LATE.

14. AT User Command

• What are Interactive Reports?
Ans An output list which displays just the basic details & allow user to interact, so that a new list is populated based on user-selection. With interactive list, the user can actively control data retrieval and display during the session.

• What are the commands used for interactive reports?
Top-of-Page during line-selection

• What are the system fields u have worked with? Explain?
Ans I had worked with the following (30) system fields:
1) SY-DBSYS - Central Database
2) SY-HOST - Server
3) SY-OPSYS - Operating System
4) SY-SAPRL - SAP Release
5) SY-SYSID - System Name
6) SY-LANGU - User Logon Language
7) SY-MANDT - Client
SY-UNAME - Logon User Name
9) SY-DATLO - Local Date
10) SY-DATUM - Server Date
11) SY-TIMLO - Local Time
12) SY-UZEIT - Server Time
13) SY-DYNNR - Screen Number
14) SY-REPID - Current ABAP program
15) SY-TCODE - Transaction Code
16) SY-ULINE - Horizontal Line
17) SY-VLINE - Vertical Line
18) SY-INDEX - Number of current loop Pass
19) SY-TABIX - Current line of internal table

20) SY-DBCNT - Number of table entries processed
21) SY-SUBRC - Return Code
22) SY-UCOMM - Function Code
23) SY-LINCT - Page Length of list
24) SY-LINNO - Current Line
25) SY-PAGNO - Current Page Number
26) SY-LSIND - Index of List
27) SY-MSGID - Message Class
28) SY-MSGNO - Message Number
29) SY-MSGTY - Message Type
30) SY-SPONO - Spool number during printing

• What is the difference between Primary key and Unique Key?
Ans Primary Key – It can accepts 0 value and cannot be NULL.
Unique Key – It can be NULL.

• What is the transaction code for Table maintenance?
Ans SM30

• If u are using Logical Databases how will u modify the selection-screen elements?
Ans Select-options : dname for deptt-dname.

• What is an RFC?
Ans Remote Function Call

• What are the events in Screen Programming?
There are two events in Screen Programming:
1. PBO (Process Before Output) – Before the screen is displayed, the PBO event is processed.
2. PAI (Process After Input) – When the user interacts with the screen, the PAI event is processed.
3. POH (Process On Help) - are triggered when the user requests field help (F1). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.
4. POV (Process On Value) - are triggered when the user requests possible values help (F4). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen.

• What is the significance of HIDE?
Ans Its stores the click value and display the related record in the secondary list.

• Where do u code the HIDE statement?
Ans In a LOOP statement

• Types of BDC’s?
Ans There are two types of BDC’s:
1) Transaction Method
2) Session Method

• Advantages & Disadvantages of different types of BDC’s?
Ans Transaction Method:
1) It is faster than session method.
2) While executing, it starts from starting.
Session Method:
1) It is slower than transaction method.
2) While executing, it does not start from starting.

• What are the events used in Interactive Reports.
Ans There are three events of Interactive Reports:
I. At PF(nn)
II. At line-selection
III. At user-command

• What is an RDBMS?
RDBMS – Relational Database Management System. It helps to create relationship between two or more table.

• What will you code in START-OF-SELECTION & END-OF-SELECTON & why?
Ans START-OF-SELECTION
SELECT * FROM DEPTT INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB
WHERE DEPTNO IN DEPTNO.
APPEND ITAB.
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT ITAB.
WRITE : / 10 ITAB-DEPTNO.
HIDE : ITAB-DEPTNO.
ENDLOOP.
END-OF-SELECTION

• What are joins and different types joins?
Ans There are four types of Joins:
1) Self Join
2) Inner Join
3) Outer Join
4) Equi Join
51) Which is the default join?

• How do u display a data in a Detail List?
Ans By using two statements:
1) Top-of-page during line-selection
2) At line-selection

What are the types of windows in SAP Script?
Ans There are five Standard Layouts in SAP Script:
1) Page

2) Window
3) Page Window
4) Paragraph Format
5) Character Format

• What are the function modules used in a SAP Script driver program?
Ans There are three functions used in SAP Script:
1) OPEN_FORM
2) WRITE_FORM
3) CLOSE_FORM